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Checkpoint inhibitors
Checkpoint inhibitors
Immune checkpoint molecules, like CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, act at different stages of T-cell activation and lead to a dampened T-cell response. In response to a normal immune challenge, this pathway prevents hyperstimulation, while in malignancy this can halt immune responses, enabling unimpeded tumor progression. Checkpoint inhibitors target these molecules to reinstate the immune response.