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On 21st September 2017, in a Letter to the Editor of Haematologica, Jochen Greiner et al. from the University of Ulm, Germany, reported results of their study which evaluated whether mutated Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1mut) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients might be candidates for Programmed Death 1 (PD-1)/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) directed immune checkpoint inhibition.
Peripheral Blood (PB) samples from NPM1mut (n = 15) and NPM1 Wild-Type (NPM1wt [n = 15]) AML patients at diagnosis were assessed for PD-L1 expression in leukemic cells including the Leukemic Stem Cells (LSCs) compartment using flow cytometry and microarray analysis.
In summary, PD-L1 expression was higher in NPM1mut patients particularly in the LSCs compartment compared to NPM1wt AML cases.
The authors concluded by noting that in NPM1mut AML cases, “the immunogenicity of neoantigens derived from the NPM1 mutation and the higher PD-L1 expression constitute a promising target structures for individualized immunotherapeutic approaches”.
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