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Nicolas Short from the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, US, presented data at the 60th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting & Exposition, data from a randomized phase II study, which is evaluating the relative safety and efficacy of two different schedules of decitabine, 5-day and 10-day, in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
In this study, 40 patients with newly diagnosed AML were first enrolled and randomized equally to receive decitabine at a daily dose of 20 mg/m2 intravenously for either 5 or 10 consecutive days as induction. An adaptive algorithm was adopted to favor the arm with a higher composite response rate. In total, 71 patients have been enrolled in the 5-day (n = 28; median age = 77 years) and 10-day (n = 43; median age = 78 years) arm. TP53 mutations were detected in 7/24 patients (29%) in the 5-day arm and in 17/41 patients (41%) in the 10-day arm.
The primary endpoint was the composite response (complete remission [CR] + CR with incomplete platelet count [CRp] + CR with incomplete count recovery [CRi]) rates of the two decitabine schedules. The secondary endpoints included the response duration, overall survival (OS) and the safety of the two schedules.
The composite response rate between the 5-day and 10-day arms were very similar with a difference of 3%. As a result, the trial was terminated early due to “futility.” However, the findings of this study demonstrate that in older patients with newly diagnosed AML, decitabine given for either 5 or 10 consecutive days resulted in similar response rates, early mortality, and survival. There were no differences in response or survival were observed in any subgroup, including TP53-mutated AML.
Nicolas Short concluded by stating that decitabine given for 5 consecutive days and 10 consecutive days are “reasonable non-intensive backbone for combination, investigational regimens.”
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